1. Write a OpenMP program to sort an array on n elements using both sequential and parallel mergesort(using Section). Record the difference in execution time.

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <omp.h>

void merge(int arr[], int l, int m, int r) {

int i = l, j = m + 1, k = 0;

int temp[r - l + 1];

while (i <= m && j <= r) {

if (arr[i] <= arr[j])

temp[k++] = arr[i++];

else

temp[k++] = arr[j++];

}

while (i <= m) temp[k++] = arr[i++];

while (j <= r) temp[k++] = arr[j++];

for (i = l, k = 0; i <= r; i++, k++)

arr[i] = temp[k];

}

void sequentialMergeSort(int arr[], int l, int r) {

if (l < r) {

int m = (l + r) / 2;

sequentialMergeSort(arr, l, m);

sequentialMergeSort(arr, m + 1, r);

merge(arr, l, m, r);

}

}

void parallelMergeSort(int arr[], int l, int r) {

if (l < r) {

int m = (l + r) / 2;

#pragma omp parallel sections

{

#pragma omp section

parallelMergeSort(arr, l, m);

#pragma omp section

parallelMergeSort(arr, m + 1, r);

}

merge(arr, l, m, r);

}

}

int main() {

int n = 100000;

int arr1[n], arr2[n];

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

arr1[i] = rand() % 1000;

arr2[i] = arr1[i];

}

double start, end;

start = omp_get_wtime();

sequentialMergeSort(arr1, 0, n - 1);

end = omp_get_wtime();

printf("Sequential Merge Sort Time: %f seconds\n", end - start);

start = omp_get_wtime();

parallelMergeSort(arr2, 0, n - 1);

end = omp_get_wtime();

printf("Parallel Merge Sort Time: %f seconds\n", end - start);

return 0;

}

2. Write an OpenMP program that divides the Iterations into chunks containing 2 iterations, respectively (OMP_SCHEDULE=static,2). Its input should be the number of iterations, and its output should be which iterations of a parallelized for loop are executed by which thread. For example, if there are two threads and four iterations, the output might be the following: a. Thread 0 : Iterations 0 −− 1 b. Thread 1 : Iterations 2 −− 3

#include <stdio.h>

#include <omp.h>

int main() {

int n;

printf("Enter number of iterations: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

int thread_start[100], thread_end[100];

int i;

for (i = 0; i < 100; i++) {

thread_start[i] = -1;

thread_end[i] = -1;

}

#pragma omp parallel for schedule(static,2)

for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {

int tid = omp_get_thread_num();

if (thread_start[tid] == -1)

thread_start[tid] = i;

thread_end[tid] = i;

}

for (i = 0; i < 100; i++) {

if (thread_start[i] != -1) {

printf("Thread %d : Iterations %d -- %d\n", i, thread_start[i], thread_end[i]);

}

}

return 0;

}

3. Write a OpenMP program to calculate n Fibonacci numbers using tasks.

#include <stdio.h>

#include <omp.h>

int fib(int n) {

int x, y;

if (n < 2)

return n;

#pragma omp task shared(x)

x = fib(n - 1);

#pragma omp task shared(y)

y = fib(n - 2);

#pragma omp taskwait

return x + y;

}

int main() {

int n;

printf("Enter number of Fibonacci terms: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Fibonacci Series:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

int result;

#pragma omp parallel

{

#pragma omp single

{

result = fib(i);

}

}

printf("%d ", result);

}

printf("\n");

return 0;

}

4. Write a OpenMP program to find the prime numbers from 1 to n employing parallel for directive. Record both serial and parallel execution times.

#include <stdio.h>

#include <math.h>

#include <omp.h>

int is_prime(int num) {

if (num < 2) return 0;

for (int i = 2; i <= sqrt(num); i++) {

if (num % i == 0)

return 0;

}

return 1;

}

int main() {

int n;

printf("Enter the value of n: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

printf("\nPrime numbers from 1 to %d:\n", n);

for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {

if (is_prime(i))

printf("%d ", i);

}

printf("\n");

double start_time, end_time;

start_time = omp_get_wtime();

for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {

is_prime(i);

}

end_time = omp_get_wtime();

printf("Serial Time: %f seconds\n", end_time - start_time);

start_time = omp_get_wtime();

#pragma omp parallel for

for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {

is_prime(i);

}

end_time = omp_get_wtime();

printf("Parallel Time: %f seconds\n", end_time - start_time);

return 0;

}

5. Write a MPI Program to demonstration of MPI_Send and MPI_Recv.

•

How to run Program ?

•

Click Build on codeblocks only → Build or press Ctrl+F9

•

This will create an .exe file inside your project bin\Debug folder.

•

Go to your project folder (e.g. OneDrive\Desktop\Parallel-programs\Program5\bin\Debug) based on where you saved your program.

•

You’ll find something like: main.exe or FileName.exe for example (Program5.exe)

•

Open Command Prompt.

•

Navigate to Your .exe Location (eg: cd OneDrive\Desktop\Parallel-programs\Program5\bin\Debug) based on where you saved your program.

•

Type command to run the program: mpiexec -n 2 FileName.exe for example (Program5.exe).

#include <mpi.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

int rank, size;

int number;

MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);

MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &rank);

MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &size);

if (size < 2) {

if (rank == 0)

printf("Please run with at least 2 processes.\n");

MPI_Finalize();

return 0;

}

if (rank == 0) {

number = 100;

printf("Process %d sending number %d to process 1\n", rank, number);

MPI_Send(&number, 1, MPI_INT, 1, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);

} else if (rank == 1) {

MPI_Recv(&number, 1, MPI_INT, 0, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);

printf("Process %d received number %d from process 0\n", rank, number);

}

MPI_Finalize();

return 0;

}

6. Write a MPI program to demonstration of deadlock using point to point communication and avoidance of deadlock by altering the call sequence.

•

How to run Program ?

•

Click Build on codeblocks only → Build or press Ctrl+F9

•

This will create an .exe file inside your project bin\Debug folder.

•

Go to your project folder (e.g. OneDrive\Desktop\Parallel-programs\Program6\bin\Debug) based on where you saved your program.

•

You’ll find something like: main.exe or FileName.exe for example (Program6.exe)

•

Open Command Prompt.

•

Navigate to Your .exe Location (eg: cd OneDrive\Desktop\Parallel-programs\Program6\bin\Debug) based on where you saved your program.

•

Type command to run the program: mpiexec -n 2 FileName.exe for example (Program6.exe).

#include <mpi.h>

#include <stdio.h>

// Change this to 1 for deadlock, 2 for deadlock avoidance

#define DEADLOCK_PART 2

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

int rank, size, num = 123;

MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);

MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &rank);

MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &size);

if (size < 2) {

if (rank == 0)

printf("Run with at least 2 processes.\n");

MPI_Finalize();

return 0;

}

#if DEADLOCK_PART == 1

// ----------- Part A: Deadlock -----------

if (rank == 0) {

printf("Process 0 waiting to receive from Process 1...\n");

MPI_Recv(&num, 1, MPI_INT, 1, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);

MPI_Send(&num, 1, MPI_INT, 1, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);

} else if (rank == 1) {

printf("Process 1 waiting to receive from Process 0...\n");

MPI_Recv(&num, 1, MPI_INT, 0, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);

MPI_Send(&num, 1, MPI_INT, 0, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);

}

#elif DEADLOCK_PART == 2

// ----------- Part B: Deadlock Avoidance -----------

if (rank == 0) {

MPI_Send(&num, 1, MPI_INT, 1, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);

MPI_Recv(&num, 1, MPI_INT, 1, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);

printf("Process 0 received back number: %d\n", num);

} else if (rank == 1) {

MPI_Recv(&num, 1, MPI_INT, 0, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);

MPI_Send(&num, 1, MPI_INT, 0, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);

printf("Process 1 received and sent back number: %d\n", num);

}

#endif

MPI_Finalize();

return 0;

}

7. Write a MPI Program to demonstration of Broadcast operation.

•

How to run Program ?

•

Click Build on codeblocks only → Build or press Ctrl+F9

•

This will create an .exe file inside your project bin\Debug folder.

•

Go to your project folder (e.g. OneDrive\Desktop\Parallel-programs\Program7\bin\Debug) based on where you saved your program.

•

You’ll find something like: main.exe or FileName.exe for example (Program7.exe)

•

Open Command Prompt.

•

Navigate to Your .exe Location (eg: cd OneDrive\Desktop\Parallel-programs\Program7\bin\Debug) based on where you saved your program.

#include <mpi.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

int rank, size;

int number;

MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);

MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &rank);

MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &size);

if (rank == 0) {

number = 50;

printf("Process %d broadcasting number %d to all other processes.\n", rank, number);

}

MPI_Bcast(&number, 1, MPI_INT, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);

printf("Process %d received number %d\n", rank, number);

MPI_Finalize();

return 0;

}

8. Write a MPI Program demonstration of MPI_Scatter and MPI_Gather.

•

How to run Program ?

•

Click Build on codeblocks only → Build or press Ctrl+F9

•

This will create an .exe file inside your project bin\Debug folder.

•

Go to your project folder (e.g. OneDrive\Desktop\Parallel-programs\Program8\bin\Debug) based on where you saved your program.

•

You’ll find something like: main.exe or FileName.exe for example (Program8.exe)

•

Open Command Prompt.

•

Navigate to Your .exe Location (eg: cd OneDrive\Desktop\Parallel-programs\Program8\bin\Debug) based on where you saved your program.

•

Type command to run the program: mpiexec -n 4 FileName.exe for example (Program8.exe).

#include <mpi.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

int rank, size;

int send_data[100], recv_data, gathered_data[100];

MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);

MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &rank);

MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &size);

if (rank == 0) {

for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {

send_data[i] = i * 10;

}

}

MPI_Scatter(send_data, 1, MPI_INT, &recv_data, 1, MPI_INT, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);

recv_data = recv_data + rank;

MPI_Gather(&recv_data, 1, MPI_INT, gathered_data, 1, MPI_INT, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);

if (rank == 0) {

printf("Gathered data in root process:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {

printf("gathered_data[%d] = %d\n", i, gathered_data[i]);

}

}

MPI_Finalize();

return 0;

}

9. Write a MPI Program to demonstration of MPI_Reduce and MPI_Allreduce (MPI_MAX, MPI_MIN, MPI_SUM, MPI_PROD).

•

How to run Program ?

•

Click Build on codeblocks only → Build or press Ctrl+F9

•

This will create an .exe file inside your project bin\Debug folder.

•

Go to your project folder (e.g. OneDrive\Desktop\Parallel-programs\Program9\bin\Debug) based on where you saved your program.

•

You’ll find something like: main.exe or FileName.exe for example (Program9.exe)

•

Open Command Prompt.

•

Navigate to Your .exe Location (eg: cd OneDrive\Desktop\Parallel-programs\Program9\bin\Debug) based on where you saved your program.

•

Type command to run the program: mpiexec -n 4 FileName.exe for example (Program9.exe).

#include <mpi.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

int rank, size;

int value, sum, prod, max, min;

int all_sum, all_prod, all_max, all_min;

MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);

MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &rank);

MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &size);

value = rank + 1;

MPI_Reduce(&value, &sum, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);

MPI_Reduce(&value, &prod, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_PROD, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);

MPI_Reduce(&value, &max, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_MAX, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);

MPI_Reduce(&value, &min, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_MIN, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);

MPI_Allreduce(&value, &all_sum, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_SUM, MPI_COMM_WORLD);

MPI_Allreduce(&value, &all_prod, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_PROD, MPI_COMM_WORLD);

MPI_Allreduce(&value, &all_max, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_MAX, MPI_COMM_WORLD);

MPI_Allreduce(&value, &all_min, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_MIN, MPI_COMM_WORLD);

if (rank == 0) {

printf("--- Results using MPI_Reduce (only root prints) ---\n");

printf("Sum = %d\n", sum);

printf("Product = %d\n", prod);

printf("Max = %d\n", max);

printf("Min = %d\n", min);

}

printf("Process %d has value %d\n", rank, value);

printf("Process %d sees (MPI_Allreduce): Sum=%d, Prod=%d, Max=%d, Min=%d\n",

rank, all_sum, all_prod, all_max, all_min);

MPI_Finalize();

return 0;

}


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